Cetirizine: uses and side effects

For adults and children over 12 years, cetirizine should be taken as a once-daily dose, unless directed differently by your doctor. Tablets come as a standard 10 mg dose.

Doses for children are determined by age group, and this is given as a liquid such as Piriteze syrup. They can take this twice daily. It's suitable for children over the age of two years. Here is a breakdown of dosing for children:

Adults and children 6 years and above: 10 mg daily.

• Adults and children aged 12 years and above: 10 ml once daily.

• Children aged between 6 to 11 years: Either 5 ml twice daily or 10 ml once daily.

Children aged between 2-5 years: 5 mg daily.

• Either 5 ml once daily or 2.5 ml twice daily.

During an allergic reaction your immune system releases a chemical called histamine, which is responsible for the symptoms of an allergy. Antihistamines work by opposing the actions of histamine, by stopping histamine binding to its target sites in the body.

The chemical structure of non-drowsy antihistamines makes them less likely to enter the brain through what is known as the blood-brain barrier. This makes them less likely to cause drowsiness compared to other antihistamines.

Do not take cetirizine if you have previously had an allergic reaction to cetirizine or another ingredient listed in the medication, or have reacted to an antihistamine in the past. Children under 2 years old should not take cetirizine unless prescribed by a doctor and age restrictions can vary between different cetirizine products.

Speak with your doctor or pharmacist before taking cetirizine if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, or have any of the following conditions: liver or kidney problems, epilepsy or seizures, or difficulty passing urine. You should avoid it if you are due an allergy skin test.

Cetirizine can interact with other medicines such as betahistine, certain antidepressants (called monoamine oxidase inhibitors) and dalteparin. If you take any prescription, over-the-counter or herbal medicines, ask your doctor or pharmacist to check they are safe to take alongside cetirizine.

While it is generally well-tolerated, like any medication, cetirizine may cause side effects in some individuals. It's important to note that not everyone will experience these side effects, and they are typically mild. If you have concerns or experience any unusual symptoms, it's advisable to contact a healthcare professional. Common side effects of cetirizine may include:

• Drowsiness: Although cetirizine is considered a non-sedating antihistamine, some people may still experience mild drowsiness. It is recommended to avoid activities that require alertness, such as driving or operating machinery, until you know how the medication affects you.

• Dry mouth: Cetirizine can sometimes cause a sensation of dryness in the mouth.

• Fatigue: Some individuals may experience fatigue or a feeling of tiredness while taking cetirizine.

• Headache: Headaches are a possible side effect, although they are generally mild.

• Sore throat: In some cases, cetirizine may lead to a sore throat.

• Abdominal pain: Some individuals may experience mild abdominal discomfort.

• Nausea: Nausea is a less common side effect but can occur in some cases.

It's important to seek medical attention if you experience severe or persistent side effects. Additionally, if you have a known allergy to cetirizine or any of its components, you should not take the medication.