Travel Health

Preventive & General Health

Hydrated Skin and the Pinch Test: How it Works

Dr Kandi explains the pinch test, and how it can help you detect whether you're adequately hydrated.

Discover the pinch test to assess skin hydration. Learn its significance & how to maintain well-hydrated skin for a healthy and glowing complexion.

Hydrated Skin and the Pinch Test: How it Works | HW.ai

Hydration in a Nutshell: Importance and Tips

Hydration in its simplest form is to supply and retain water in the body's tissues. Take in too little water and you risk dehydration, making it hard for the body to carry out essential functions. And with loss of water, you lose essential salts and minerals, causing further turmoil in your body. 

We’ve all experienced mild dehydration at times, like when the weather is hot, or we are doing a sweaty workout. Fighting a fever or a stomach bug also leaves you lacking hydration. 

But you might have overlooked the toll a flight can take on your body. An airline cabin draws air in from the upper atmosphere for us to breathe in, and this is very dry. The air cabin can be less humid than the Sahara desert, and you actually lose water through your breath. Telling signs can be a dry feeling in your nose and throat, your contact lenses feeling scratchy, and you might be passing urine less, or it’s dark and strong-smelling. 

You might feel thirsty, but this is actually a late sign, as when thirst sets in, your body is already 2% dehydrated. You need to work hard to replace this. Your body will work best if you can plan ahead to avoid dehydration, rather than playing catch-up. 

If you’re travelling with little ones, they have a higher body surface area and breathe a bit faster, so they can become dehydrated even more quickly, and salt imbalance follows. It can be tempting to let them snooze through the flight (and give you some peace), but feeling tired and sleepy can also be a sign of dehydration, so make sure they have fuelled up before nodding off. 

The Skin Pinch Hydration Test: How to Check for Dehydration

How Many Glasses of Water Should You Drink Daily?

Dr Kandi discusses recommendations of a hydration skin pinch test

Oral Rehydration Salts: How They Work and When to Use

Oral rehydration therapy (also known as oral rehydration salts, or solution) is used to prevent and treat dehydration. Around the world, it is used to prevent serious illness and death from diarrhoea. It has been reported to reduce the risk of death by more than 90%. It is considered so important that it is a part of the World Health Organisation's list of essential medicines.

Hydration, Dehydration & Heatstroke: Treatment

Dehydration is a condition characterised by an inadequate amount of fluid in the body, resulting from either insufficient fluid intake or excessive fluid loss. This imbalance disrupts the body's normal functions and can lead to a range of symptoms and health complications. Dehydration occurs when the body loses more fluids than it takes in, causing a decrease in the volume of water and electrolytes (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride) circulating in the body. This can happen due to various factors, including excessive sweating, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, prolonged exposure to heat, or insufficient fluid intake. Dehydration can manifest with symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth, dark urine, fatigue, dizziness, headache, confusion, and, in severe cases, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, and loss of consciousness. Prompt recognition and treatment of dehydration are essential to restore fluid balance, prevent complications, and promote overall well-being.

Ensuring adequate [hydration](https://www.healthwords.ai/explore/article/preventive-and-general-health/general-health/hydration-in-a-nutshell-67) to ensure our bodies remain healthy can be a tough ask, especially in hot conditions, and during strenuous activities or exercise. Hot temperatures and increased water and salt losses can lead to dehydration. Mild dehydration may be felt as thirst, headache, mild dizziness, reduced need to urinate and dry skin. In its more severe form, dehydration can result in reduced alertness, fatigue, muscle cramps, loss of consciousness and long-term damage to your kidneys.

Hydration Fuelling the Runner: Why it's Important

All runners know that great hydration matters. When on a run, [hydration](https://www.healthwords.ai/explore/article/preventive-and-general-health/travel-health/hydration-replacing-electrolytes-with-sports-drinks-and-others-587) helps because it slows the rate at which fatigue sets in. From how limber we feel, to how quickly we tire, hydration can be the difference between a sluggish run or a new personal best. Let’s take a look at how it works.

Water Retention in Pregnancy: Women's Health

During pregnancy, it’s perfectly normal to experience some swelling in your lower legs and possibly fingers. It gets worse as the day goes on, and usually the further along in pregnancy you are. Gradual swelling as you approach your due date is not associated with any harm to your or your baby, but it can feel quite uncomfortable. 

If you have sudden swelling, this may be a sign of something more serious, so it’s best to get this checked out by one of your maternity team. 

Oral Rehydration Solution: How do they work

Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are a balanced formulation of [electrolytes](https://www.healthwords.ai/explore/treatment/nutrition-and-wellness/nutrition-metabolic-health/electrolyte-replacement-products), salts, and minerals such as:

- sodium
- potassium
- magnesium
- phosphorus
- chloride
- small proportion of glucose

They can be added to water to make a solution that’s readily absorbed by the body. The electrolyte composition of ORS is carefully balanced to mimic the electrolyte concentrations found in the human body, facilitating optimal absorption and retention of fluids.

Xeroderma: Causes & Treatment of Dry Skin

Under its fancy Greek title of xeros (dry) and derma (skin), dry skin can be intensely itchy. It feels rough and flakes easily. Cracks and redness can form in more severe cases.

It affects both sexes and is more common in Caucasian skin than those whose skin has a higher oil content, such as Afro-Caribbean or Mediterranean skin types.

Children can be particularly at risk, and this may take the form of eczema - where inflammation of the uppermost layer of skin causes dryness, and this is most likely to appear on the insides of elbows or the backs of knees. [Eczema](https://www.healthwords.ai/explore/condition/skin-and-external-care/skincare-scalp/eczema-88) may run in families or go alongside asthma or hay fever.

Dry skin is a variant of normal skin and is not contagious.

Dry Skin: What Causes It and How to Keep Your Skin Hydrated

Diarrhoea and Vomiting: How to Get Through It

Diarrhoea and vomiting is something most of us have suffered at some point in our lives. For many, it is a horrible week’s worth of symptoms, and then things begin to feel better. Here, I wanted to share with you some of the common questions I get asked by my patients as a doctor and how I got through my most recent bout of D + V thanks to some questionable re-heated chicken (the fault was all mine).

Nausea and Vomiting: Causes, Treatments and When to Seek Help

Is Your Lifestyle Stressing Your Skin Out?

We have all had that important date in the diary coming up, and a day or so before, what happens – our skin breaks out. There are many different things in our day to day life that can affect how our skin is reacting. Some in the short term, and others over the long term. Here the Healthwords medical team takes a look at some of these lifestyle factors in detail that can contribute to changes with your skin.  

Understanding Your Skin Type: Identify and Care for It

Discover how to determine your skin type and develop the ideal skincare routine for healthy, radiant skin. Get tips for oily, dry, combination, normal, and sensitive skin.

## Why Knowing Your Skin Type Matters

Knowing your skin type is the first step to having healthy skin. Many people use products that aren't right for them, which can cause breakouts, irritation, or dryness. When you understand your skin type, you can choose the right products that keep your skin balanced and healthy.

There are five main skin types: normal, oily, dry, combination, and sensitive. Each type needs different care. Using the wrong products can make skin problems worse. In this article, we'll help you figure out your skin type and share tips to keep your skin looking great.

## The Five Skin Types

Here's how to identify which skin type you have:

### 1. Normal Skin

Normal skin has a good balance of oil and moisture with few problems. The pores aren't too big, and the skin feels smooth. People with normal skin typically don't experience excessive oiliness or dryness, allowing them to follow a simple skincare routine.

### 2. Oily Skin

Oily skin produces more oil than needed. This can cause your face to appear shiny, with larger pores, and you may experience more blackheads or pimples. Oily skin requires products that control oil without over-drying the skin.

### 3. Dry Skin

[Dry skin](https://www.healthwords.ai/explore/condition/skin-and-external-care/skincare-scalp/dry-skin) lacks sufficient moisture. It can feel tight or flaky, especially after washing. You might notice rough patches or redness. People with dry skin need products rich in moisture, such as creams and oils.

### 4. Combination Skin

Combination skin has both oily and dry areas. Typically, the T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin) is oily, while the cheeks tend to be drier. You need to balance these areas with products that add moisture to dry spots without clogging pores in oily areas.

### 5. Sensitive Skin

Sensitive skin gets irritated easily. It may turn red quickly due to skincare products, harsh weather, or certain foods. If you have sensitive skin, look for gentle products that are free from added scents.

Simple Test: To help figure out your skin type, wash your face with a mild soap, wait an hour without putting anything on your skin, and see how it feels.

## Common Skin Myths

Here are some wrong ideas about skin that many people believe:

Myth: "I have dry skin because I get breakouts." Many people think only oily skin gets pimples, but dry skin can break out too. When skin is too dry, it may produce extra oil to compensate, which can clog pores. Use a gentle cleanser and don't skip moisturiser.

Myth: "Oily skin doesn't need moisturiser." Skipping moisturiser can actually make oily skin worse. When your skin feels dry, it makes even more oil. Choose light, oil-free moisturisers that won't clog your pores.

Myth: "Combination skin needs different products for each area." While it may seem that you should use different products for dry and oily areas, most people with combination skin can use the same products everywhere. Look for products made for combination skin that control oil in the T-zone while adding moisture to dry areas.