What Is Brain Fog? Brain fog means your mind feels cloudy or slow. You might notice: Forget names, dates, or small details. Have trouble focusing on tasks. Feel mentally sluggish or find your thoughts are mixed up. Brain fog isn’t a disease on its own. It’s a sign that your body or mind might be stressed, tired, or going through changes like menopause. Both kids and adults can feel foggy at times, but if it sticks around, it can make school, work, or daily life harder. Signs of Brain Fog Brain fog can feel different for each person, but common signs are: Trouble concentrating or staying focused. Forgetting names, dates, or things you just learned. Feeling mentally tired even after you’ve rested. Having trouble organising your thoughts or saying what you mean clearly. If these signs last for weeks or start to affect your daily life, try keeping track of them and talk to a doctor.

Mental health is just as important as physical health, especially during adolescence: a time of rapid growth and change. Teenagers face unique challenges, including hormonal shifts, social pressures, school stress, and identity development. While feeling stressed or anxious occasionally is normal, ongoing mental health struggles can affect daily life, relationships, and school performance. Understanding teenage mental health helps parents, caregivers, and teens themselves identify problems early and access support. This article covers common mental health issues, their causes, signs to watch for, and strategies to help teens maintain emotional well-being. What is Teenage Mental Health? Teenage mental health refers to a teen's emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how they think, feel, and interact with others. During adolescence, the brain undergoes significant development, particularly in areas related to decision-making, impulse control, and emotional regulation. Common mental health issues include: Anxiety Depression Body image concerns Low self-esteem Persistent or severe mental health problems can affect confidence, academic performance, and relationships. Recognising the signs early is key to practical support and intervention.

Discover how to determine your skin type and develop the ideal skincare routine for healthy, radiant skin. Get tips for oily, dry, combination, normal, and sensitive skin. Why Knowing Your Skin Type Matters Knowing your skin type is the first step to having healthy skin. Many people use products that aren't right for them, which can cause breakouts, irritation, or dryness. When you understand your skin type, you can choose the right products that keep your skin balanced and healthy. There are five main skin types: normal, oily, dry, combination, and sensitive. Each type needs different care. Using the wrong products can make skin problems worse. In this article, we'll help you figure out your skin type and share tips to keep your skin looking great. The Five Skin Types Here's how to identify which skin type you have: 1. Normal Skin Normal skin has a good balance of oil and moisture with few problems. The pores aren't too big, and the skin feels smooth. People with normal skin typically don't experience excessive oiliness or dryness, allowing them to follow a simple skincare routine. 2. Oily Skin Oily skin produces more oil than needed. This can cause your face to appear shiny, with larger pores, and you may experience more blackheads or pimples. Oily skin requires products that control oil without over-drying the skin. 3. Dry Skin Dry skin lacks sufficient moisture. It can feel tight or flaky, especially after washing. You might notice rough patches or redness. People with dry skin need products rich in moisture, such as creams and oils. 4. Combination Skin Combination skin has both oily and dry areas. Typically, the T-zone (forehead, nose, and chin) is oily, while the cheeks tend to be drier. You need to balance these areas with products that add moisture to dry spots without clogging pores in oily areas. 5. Sensitive Skin Sensitive skin gets irritated easily. It may turn red quickly due to skincare products, harsh weather, or certain foods. If you have sensitive skin, look for gentle products that are free from added scents. Simple Test: To help figure out your skin type, wash your face with a mild soap, wait an hour without putting anything on your skin, and see how it feels. Common Skin Myths Here are some wrong ideas about skin that many people believe: Myth: "I have dry skin because I get breakouts." Many people think only oily skin gets pimples, but dry skin can break out too. When skin is too dry, it may produce extra oil to compensate, which can clog pores. Use a gentle cleanser and don't skip moisturiser. Myth: "Oily skin doesn't need moisturiser." Skipping moisturiser can actually make oily skin worse. When your skin feels dry, it makes even more oil. Choose light, oil-free moisturisers that won't clog your pores. Myth: "Combination skin needs different products for each area." While it may seem that you should use different products for dry and oily areas, most people with combination skin can use the same products everywhere. Look for products made for combination skin that control oil in the T-zone while adding moisture to dry areas.

Sunscreen is crucial for maintaining healthy skin. It protects your skin from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays. These rays can cause sunburn, accelerate skin ageing, and even lead to skin cancer. Studies show that using sunscreen regularly can lower your risk of getting skin cancer by up to 50%. Sunscreen acts like a shield, blocking both UVA and UVB rays, which can damage your skin in different ways. You should use sunscreen every day, no matter the weather. Even on cloudy days, up to 80% of UV rays can still reach your skin. For optimal protection, select a sunscreen labelled as “broad-spectrum” and with an SPF of 30 or higher. This helps keep your skin healthy and looking young. Why Sunscreen Matters UV rays from the sun come in two main types: UVA and UVB. UVA rays cause your skin to age and wrinkle. UVB rays cause sunburn and can increase the risk of skin cancer. Both can damage your skin’s DNA, which increases your risk of skin cancer. Using sunscreen regularly can reduce your risk of certain skin cancers by up to 40%. Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers. About 1 in 5 Americans will get it in their lifetime. Sunscreen helps prevent melanoma, the most severe and deadly type of skin cancer. Sun exposure also makes your skin age faster. Up to 90% of visible changes, like wrinkles and dark spots, are caused by the sun. Sunscreen helps keep your skin looking younger by protecting it from these effects.

Hair loss is a common concern for men, and it can have a significant emotional impact. Many men start losing hair in their 30s or 40s: even earlier in some cases: and this can affect their confidence, self-image, and how old they feel. Hair is often tied closely to identity, and losing it can feel like a loss of youth or vitality. Fortunately, understanding what causes hair loss, what treatments are available, and when to see a doctor can help men take control of this often-frustrating condition. Why Do Men Lose Their Hair? Male Pattern Baldness (Androgenetic Alopecia) \ Male pattern baldness is by far the most common cause of hair loss in men, affecting about 50% by the age of 50. Some men may even notice thinning in their 20s. This type of hair loss is gradual but progressive and often has a significant impact on self-esteem and appearance. The main cause is a hormone called dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which causes hair follicles, the tiny openings in the scalp where hair grows, to shrink. Over time, these follicles produce thinner, shorter, and lighter hairs, eventually stopping hair growth altogether. Visually, male pattern baldness often begins with a receding hairline at the temples and thinning at the crown of the head. These two areas may eventually meet, leaving a ring of hair around the sides and back of the scalp. This condition is largely genetic, meaning if close male relatives like your father or uncles lost their hair, there’s a good chance you might too. These hair loss genes can come from either parent’s side of the family. Medical Conditions That Cause Hair Loss While male pattern baldness is the most common type, some medical issues can also lead to hair loss. Autoimmune Conditions: Diseases like lupus, Hashimoto's (underactive thyroid), and Graves' (overactive thyroid) can cause the immune system to attack hair follicles. Alopecia Areata: A condition where hair falls out in patches, often suddenly. Alopecia Universalis: A more advanced form where hair is lost from the entire body. Iron or Zinc Deficiency: Though rarer in men, low iron or zinc can cause thinning. Once treated, hair can often grow back.

Hair growth treatments are hugely popular in the UK, but it’s not always clear which ones genuinely work. With so many choices - medicated products, natural remedies, supplements, and over-the-counter options: it can be challenging to separate fact from marketing hype. Whether you want to slow down hair thinning or encourage new growth, it’s essential to know which treatments are backed by scientific evidence, which may help in certain situations, and which are unlikely to make a difference. This guide reviews the most common options available in the UK and highlights when it’s best to seek medical advice.

Natural oils have been used for centuries to nourish and protect hair. Today, they remain a key part of many hair care routines, especially as people look for natural alternatives to chemical-based products. Coconut and argan oils are the most popular, but other oils like jojoba, castor, olive, and rosemary are gaining attention. But how effective are these oils? Can combinations, like rosemary mixed with castor or almond oil, boost benefits? Let’s explore the evidence-based science behind these oils, their benefits, limitations, and practical uses.

What Is Biotin? Biotin, also called vitamin B7, is a water-soluble vitamin from the B complex group. It helps your body turn food: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins: into energy. Biotin is important for cell growth and is often linked to healthy hair, skin, and nails. You can find biotin in foods like eggs, nuts, seeds, beans, and whole grains. Most people get enough biotin from their diet, so a deficiency is rare. When someone does not get enough biotin, they might have thinning hair, weak nails, or skin rashes. Does Biotin Help Hair Growth? Many people believe that biotin can make hair grow faster or thicker. Biotin helps your body make keratin, a protein that is a key part of hair. However, research shows that biotin supplements only help hair growth if you already have a biotin deficiency. If you are not lacking biotin, taking extra probably will not make your hair grow more. Can Biotin Stop Hair Loss? Biotin does not cure genetic hair loss, like male-pattern baldness. But if your hair is thinning because you do not have enough biotin, taking supplements can help your hair become stronger and thicker. Most studies that show biotin helps with hair regrowth focus on people who have a deficiency or certain health problems.

Sleep is one of the most essential parts of staying healthy, yet millions of people struggle to get enough quality rest. Poor sleep can leave you feeling tired, stressed, and unfocused, and over time, it can take a serious toll on your overall health. While countless products and remedies claim to improve sleep, one natural option has been gaining attention: magnesium. This essential mineral supports hundreds of processes in the body, including muscle function, stress regulation, and relaxation, which makes it a vital player for sleep quality. But does magnesium really help you sleep better? Let’s explore how magnesium affects sleep, the signs of deficiency, the best food and supplement options, and how to safely use it for better rest. What Is Magnesium and Why Does It Matter for Sleep? Magnesium is a vital mineral that your body needs every day. It helps with: Muscle and nerve function Blood pressure regulation Immune system support Energy production and cell repair For sleep, magnesium is especially important because it: Regulates neurotransmitters (the brain’s chemical messengers). Supports healthy levels of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), a calming neurotransmitter that helps your brain “switch off” at night. Plays a role in the production of melatonin, the hormone that controls your sleep-wake cycle. Magnesium is found naturally in foods like leafy greens, nuts, seeds, legumes, and whole grains. However, many people don’t get enough, which can impact their ability to relax and sleep well.

What is Mindfulness? Mindfulness is the practice of being fully present in the moment, aware of your thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, without judgment. It helps reduce stress, manage anxiety, and improve focus by training the mind to respond thoughtfully rather than react impulsively. Mindfulness is gaining popularity as a powerful tool for improving mental and physical well-being. Rooted in ancient practices but widely embraced in modern health care, mindfulness allows individuals to live in the present moment and focus their attention without judgment. Practising mindfulness regularly can improve stress management, emotional regulation, mental clarity, and productivity.

Mindfulness is one of the simplest yet most powerful tools for improving mental health, reducing stress, and feeling more present in daily life. But if you’re starting out, it might feel confusing or overwhelming. The good news? Anyone can learn mindfulness. It doesn’t require special equipment, a lot of time, or advanced training. This beginner-friendly guide will help you understand what mindfulness is, why it works, and how to build a practice that fits into your lifestyle. What Is Mindfulness? Mindfulness is the practice of paying full attention to the present moment - your thoughts, feelings, body, and surroundings without judgment. It helps reduce stress, improve focus, and respond to life with greater clarity and calm. Mindfulness means being aware of the present moment, instead of replaying the past or worrying about the future, you notice what’s happening right now. It isn’t about “emptying the mind.” Instead, it’s about curiosity and awareness. You can practice mindfulness while: Walking Eating Doing chores Or simply breathing Over time, mindfulness trains your brain to pause before reacting, which can help reduce stress, sharpen focus, and improve emotional balance.

A low sperm count doesn’t give any symptoms, it’s usually found in fertility investigations when a couple is finding it difficult to conceive naturally. A semen analysis reveals the low sperm count number, which is classed as fewer than 15 million sperm per millilitre of semen. It's found in one in three couples who are struggling to conceive. Depending on any other results from fertility tests, may guide potential fertility treatments.